Report 2021

A report on the semi-natural habitats, and important plant and animal species present at Laikenbuie by Diana Gilbert, PhD.

Table of Contents

​​ 1.  Summary

​ 2.  Introduction

​ 3.  General Description

​ 4.  Detailed Descriptions

​ 4.1  Geology

​ 4.2  Vegetation.

​ 4.2.1  A. Mire communities

​ 4.2.2  B. Woodland communities

​ 4.2.3  C. Grassland

​ 4.3  Species

​ 5.  Conclusions

 ​5.1  Table 1. Status of Habitats present. The vegetation communities present on the site can be assigned to the NVC communities as described in the text. These NVC habitats fit within the UK Biodiversity Action Plan and European Habitat’s Directive Annex 1 as given in the table.

​ 5.2  Table 2. Important Birds present. This table includes breeding birds (*), and those seen regularly on the holding that have attracted a conservation status due to rarity or decline (EU 2018, UK Burns et al 2020). [assessment made on supplied list of birds present and breeding]

​ 5.3  Table 3. Other animals recorded on the site and their status. The table lists those mammals and amphibians, reptiles present on the site that attract conservation status due to their vulnerability.

​6.  REFERENCES

​ 7.  Annex 1. Plants and Lichens found at Laikenbuie.

1. Summary

Despite it’s relatively small area the holding at Laikenbuie supports a wide range of semi-natural and cultural habitats, including a scheduled ancient monument. This report focuses on the semi-natural habitats and any plant species of importance present on the site. Across the site nine different National Vegetation Classification (NVC) communities were identified (Rodwell 1991 etc), all of which are listed in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan as priorities for action (Table 1, Maddock 2011). Five conform to habitats listed in Annex 1 of the European Habitat’s Directive, three being priority habitats (Table 1, EU28 2013). In addition, a near threatened plant, the Greater Butterfly-orchid is present, as is a nationally scarce lichen Rhizocarpon polycarpum.

Of the animal species that have been recorded there are 32 bird species that have attracted some sort of conservation priority due to their decline or vulnerability, six of which have been recorded breeding on the site (Table 2, Burns et al2020, JNCC 2007). Of the 17 mammals and four amphibians recorded, seven mammals are specifically protected due to their precarious status. One amphibian, the common toad (Bufo bufo) has protected status (Table 3, SBL 2005).

In conclusion the author considers that this site makes a serious contribution to the biodiversity of this part of Nairnshire, and particularly along the Auldearn Burn.

2. Introduction

This report has been prepared predominantly using lists of plants and animals provided, supplemented by a brief site visit to verify the vegetation communities. It focuses on the importance of the land holding for biodiversity and verifies that the current management is in keeping with the maintenance of that biodiversity. This opinion is supported by the 24 year old organic status of the whole holding, and recent action by the landholder to diversify the more intensely managed pasture areas by sowing wild flower seed mixes. A number of the vegetation communities are dependent on a level of disturbance, either through grazing/browsing or trampling, or both, to maintain their openness and check the expansion of more widespread, vigorous species that might otherwise become dominant. At present there are resident roe deer, and seasonal grazing/browsing by cattle and sheep. It may be necessary to introduce a level of monitoring on some of the more grazing sensitive areas to ensure that they are not adversely affected should grazing levels (potentially through increases in roe deer numbers) increase.

3. General Description

Laikenbuie farm holding occupies nearly 57 ha of Laiken Glen on a water course that drains into the Auldearn Burn, a tributary of the River Nairn. Within the holding there is a Scheduled Ancient Monument on the western boundary, and a small area of planted exotic trees, primarily a timber/firewood resource on the eastern boundary. Neither of these areas are included in the descriptions below.

Laikenbuie, and its stretch of the Auldearn Burn, sits within a wider heavily utilised landscape. The burn arises in forested ground and travels through a relatively intensive agricultural landscape. Immediately downstream the burn is bounded on both banks with conifer plantations before once again passing through intensive agricultural fields.

The agricultural interest at Laikenbuie is primarily sheep meat production through rotational grazing across the range of grassland and mire vegetation present on the holding. The level of grazing allows for the development of nitrogen-fixing scrub (principally gorse [Ulex europaeus] and broom [Cytistus scoparius]) which provide valuable feeding and habitat for insects and some birds but are managed to ensure they do not adversely affect more open habitats.

4. Detailed Descriptions

      1. Geology.

The bedrock of the area is sedimentary; sandstone of fluvial origin. It is overlain primarily with quaternary glacial deposits in the southern section of the site. Alongside and under the solum of the water course there are quaternary organic soil deposits leading to the development of open water and wetland habitats, potentially including some ocean-origin salt deposits. These are bordered by wider areas of gravel deposits of either fluvial or glacial origin.

      1. Vegetation.

As indicated by the geology the southern slopes and floor of the glen, either side of the water course as the topography allows, have poorly draining soils and are frequently water logged supporting a range of mire and swamp communities. The south-east facing slopes above are those that have historically been modified for agriculture and are now pasture. Sections of two of these fields have been sown with a species rich grassland mix. The north-west facing slopes support a mosaic of wet heath/scrub in the west and mature birch woodland in the east. This report focuses on the semi-natural mire, swamp, grassland and woodland habitats.

The exact location and boundaries of the different vegetation communities present have not been mapped but they are briefly described and the status of each set out in Table 1.

        1. A. Mire communities.

There are a range of different wetland habitats depending on the level of soil waterlogging present. The ground water, from vegetation present, appears to be neutral to base-rich, perhaps as a result of the underlying glacial and fluvial deposits. These range from flushes on the slopes to mire and swamp vegetation in the glen bottom. Many of the plants characteristic of the vegetation types below are found in different edaphic conditions and plant combinations and may belong to one of the “other” small sedge mire cited by Averis et al (2014) as not being described in the NVC.

a) Mire, M9 Carex rostrata – Calliergonella cuspidata. This mire community is a transition between wet and dry substrates. It is present in a number of areas across the land holding on the north-west facing slopes and along side the main water course. It is primarily characterised by stands of bottle sedge (Carex rostrata) intermixed with other taller forbs over a loose carpet of pleurocarpous mosses including Calliergonella cuspidata.

b) Alkaline Fen, M10 Pinguiculo – Caricetum dioicae mire (likely M10a Carex demissa – Juncus bulbosus sub community, possibly the aiii Schoenus nigricans variant). This is a sedge/rush and bryophyte dominated community which is soligenous (dependent on water movement through the soil) and found on mineral soils or shallow peats kept very wet by neutral to base-rich waters. Its maintenance is thought, in part, to be dependent on the impact of large herbivores and the scouring effect of the water movement (Rodwell 1999). On the site it is found in some of the large fen communities towards the top of the slope in the south west of the site.

c) Rush pasture, M23 Juncus effusus/acutiflorus – Galium palustre. This is a widespread vegetation found on poorly drained soils between very wet and better drained ground. It is a broadly based community and although soft rush (Juncus effusus) and sharp-flowered rush (Juncus acutiflorus) can be dominant there are usually many other associates. There are quite wide open, wet areas, on the north west facing slopes where this vegetation is in mosaic with other mire communities.

d) Mire, M26 Molinia caerulea – Crepis paludosa. This is a species rich mire which is present in relatively small areas along the margins of the water course between the swamp vegetation of the water margins and the taller, coarser vegetation of the tall-herb fen. Although the distinction between the different vegetation types is not always clear.

d) Tall-herb Fen, M27 Filipendula ulmaria – Angelica sylvestris. There is an extensive area of tall-herb fen associated with the small water body at the east end of the area. The vegetation is variable with a relatively wide range of species. Other wetland vegetation communities are interspersed within it.

e) Swamp communities. Along the water course, around the margins of the several open water bodies there are several stands of tall graminoids (including bulrush, greater tussock sedge and bottle sedge) with associated plants characteristic of inundated locations. Different stands may be assigned to different communities including S3 Carex paniculata swamp; S12 Typhus latifolia swamp; and S27 Carex rostrata – Potentilla palustris along the margins of some of the water bodies.

        1. B. Woodland communities

Along the north-west facing slopes semi-natural broadleaved woodland remains. The age of the wood is unclear; it does not appear on the Ancient Woodland Inventory (Copyright Scottish Natural Heritage Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right (2021)) as woodland and so is unlikely to be more than 200 years old. In addition there has been some diversity planting primarily of oak. There are a number of plant species present (for example Sanicle [Sanicula europaea]) that, due to their shade requirements, suggest woodland continuity within the vicinity over sometime.

The woodland is dominated by birch (Betula pubescens) but towards the bottom of the slopes willow species becomeincreasingly common. Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is common throughout although there are now signs of ash-die-back disease appearing on young trees. Alder (Alnus glutinosa) is occasional only, again towards the bottom of the slope. Holly (Ilex aquifolium) is an increasing under-storey component. Primarily this habitat conforms to the NVC broadleaf woodland community W11 Quercus petraea – Betula pubescens – Oxalis acetosella. Towards the bottom of the slope there is increasing affinity with the wet woodland community W4 with the presence of eared-willow (Salix aurita) and common sallow (Salix cinerea) and occasional alder (Alnus glutinosa), although it is nowhere fully developed. Otherwise across the woodland there are areas with characteristics plants from the richer W9 Fraxinus execsior – Sorbus aucuparia – Mercurialis perennis woodland including sanicle and wood’s crane-bill (Geranium sylvaticum).

        1. C. Grassland

In marginally dryer patches within the mosaic of woodland and mire there are pockets of mesotrophic MG5 Cynosaurus cristatus – Centaurea nigra grassland. As well as characteristic species like knapweed (Centaurea nigra) the near threatened (NT) Greater Butterfly Orchid (Plantanthera chlorantha) is present.

      1. Species

In all there is a list of 298 plants and lichens recorded so far (Annex 1), two of which have a near threatened (NT) status and so are protected (Annex 1).

Ninety-eight birds have been recorded including 26 breeding. Six of those breeding are protected due to their conservation importance, and a further 26 recorded using the site are similarly protected (Table 2, Annex 2).

Nineteen mammals, and four amphibians have been recorded, seven and one of which, respectively, are protected (Table 3, Annex 2).

5. Conclusions

The land holding supports at least 10 different vegetation communities all of which feature in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan and three are components of EU Habitat’s Directive Annex 1 priority habitats (Table 1). In addition there are two near threatened plants present, an orchid and a lichen.

The lists of other species that have been recorded from the site all include individuals of conservation concern, highlighting the biodiversity value of this land holding. It is an agricultural holding supporting, due to the sympathetic management of the landholder, a very diverse range of native species within a wider landscape of relatively intensively managed land. As such it should be considered as a valuable biodiversity asset to the region as a refuge for declining species and a potential seeding source, should land management change in the neighbouring areas. As such it is worthy of support to encourage its continued maintenance.

  1.  

 

          1. Table 1. Status of Habitats present. The vegetation communities present on the site can be assigned to the NVC communities as described in the text. These NVC habitats fit within the UK Biodiversity Action Plan and European Habitat’s Directive Annex 1 as given in the table.

NVC habitat

EUNIS habitat

UK BAP Priority habitat

EU Annex 1

* = priority habitat

M9

D2.33

Fens

H7140

Transition mires & quaking bogs*

M10

D4.15

Fens

H7230

Alkaline Fens*

M23

E3.42

Purple moor-grass & rush pastures

–

M26

E3.511

Fens

H6410

Molinia meadows on peaty or clayey-silt laden soils

M27

E5.42

Fens

–

S3

C3.29

Eutrophic standing water

–

S12

C3.23

Mesotrophic lake

–

W4

G3.D1

Wet Woodland

H91D0

Bog Woodland*

W11

G1.91#1

Native Pine woodland

H91A0

Old sessile oakwoods

MG5

E2.112

Lowland Meadows

–

          1. Table 2. Important Birds present. This table includes breeding birds (*), and those seen regularly on the holding that have attracted a conservation status due to rarity or decline (EU 2018, UK Burns et al 2020). [assessment made on supplied list of birds present and breeding]

            Bird

            Scottish Biodiversity List

            UK Threat Status

            European Status

            IUCN

            Kestrel*

            y

            Amber

            LC

            LC

            Oystercatcher*

            –

            Amber

            VU

            NT

            Meadow Pipit*

            –

            Amber

            VU

            NT

            House Sparrow*

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

            Starling*

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

            Song Thrush*

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

            Redwing

            y

            Red

            VU

            NT

            Curlew

            y

            Red#

            LC

            NT

            Red Kite

            –

            Green

            LC

            NT

            Lapwing

            –

            Red#

            LC

            NT

            Pochard

            y

            Red

            LC

            VU

            Long-tailed Duck

            –

            Green

            LC

            VU

            Goldcrest

            		 

            Green

            NT

            LC

            Common Sandpiper

            		 

            Amber

            NT

            LC

            Herring Gull

            y

            Red#

            VU

            LC

            Twite

            		 

            Red#

            VU

            LC

            Wigeon

            		 

            Amber

            VU

            LC

            Bullfinch

            y

            Amber#

            LC

            LC

            Cuckoo

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

            Spotted Flycatcher

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

            Black-headed Gull

            y

            Amber

            LC

            LC

            Linnet

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

            Osprey

            y

            Amber

            LC

            LC

            Barn Owl

            y

            Green

            LC

            LC

            Short-eared Owl

            y

            Amber

            LC

            LC

            Grey Partridge

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

            Peregrine

            y

            Green

            LC

            LC

            Siskin

            y

            Green

            LC

            LC

            Skylark

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

            Swift

            y

            Amber

            LC

            LC

            Woodcock

            y

            Red

            LC

            LC

            Yellowhammer

            y

            Red#

            LC

            LC

          2. Table 3. Other animals recorded on the site and their status. The table lists those mammals and amphibians, reptiles present on the site that attract conservation status due to their vulnerability.

Animal

Scottish Biodiversity List

UK BAP species

Legal Protection

Pipistrelle Bat

y

y

EPS

Brown Hare

y

y

–

Hedgehog

y

y

–

Otter

y

Y (NT)

EPS

Pine Marten

y

y

HR 1994

Red Squirrel

y

y

WACA 1981

Wildcat

y

 

EPS

Common Toad

y

y

WACA 1981

Notes: Legal protection: EPS – European Protected Species; HR 1994 – Habitat Regulation 1994; WACA 1981 – Wildlife and Countryside Act 2981

    1. REFERENCES

Burns F, Eaton MA, Balmer DE, Banks A, Caldow R, Donelan JL, Douse A, Duigan C, Foster S, Frost T, Grice PV, Hall C, Hanmer HJ, Harris SJ, Johnstone I, Lindley P, McCulloch N, Noble DG, Risely K, Robinson RA, Wotton S (2020) The state of the UK’s birds 2020. The RSPB, BTO, WWT, DAERA, JNCC, NatureScot, NE and NRW, Sandy, Bedfordshire.

EU 28, 2013. Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. European Commission DG Environment.

EU 2018 https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm

JNCC 2007 List of UK BAP Priority Bird Species, JNCC

Rodwell, J.S, 1991 – 1999. British Plant Community Vol. 1, 2, 3 & 4. CUP, Cambridge.

Scott Wilson 2005. Production of the List of Species and Habitats considered to be of principal important for the purpose of conservation of biodiversity in Scotland (The Scottish Biodiversity List). Scott Wilson

Strachan, I.M. 2017. Manual of terrestrial EUNIS habitats in Scotland. Version 2. Scottish

Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 766.

    1. Annex 1. Plants and Lichens found at Laikenbuie

 

Habitats

 

Mire

Swamp

Wd

Past

 

Scientific name

RDB

M9

M10

M23

M26

M27

S3

S12

S27

W11

MG5

FLOWERS

            

Yarrow

Achillea millefolium

LC

         

y

Sneezewort

Achillea ptarmica

LC

         

y

Bugle

Ajuga reptans

LC

        

y

 

Lady’s mantle

Alchemilla glabra agg

LC

        

y

 

Wood Anemone

Anemone nemorosa

LC

        

y

 

Angelica

Angelica sylvestris

LC

  

y

 

y

y

 

y

  

Vetch. Kidney

Anthyllis vulneraria

LC

         

y

Deadly Nightshade

Atropa belladonna

LC

          

Daisy

Bellis perennis

LC

         

y

Water-Starwort. Common

Callitriche stagnalis

LC

       

y

  

Marsh Marigold

Caltha palustris

LC

  

y

y

y

y

 

y

  

Harebell

Campanula rotundifolia

LC

          

Bittercress. Large

Cardamine amara

LC

       

y

  

Cuckoo Flower

Cardamine pratense

LC

     

y

 

y

  

Thistle. Creeping

Cirsium arvense

LC

         

y

Thistle. Marsh

Cirsium palustre

LC

     

y

 

y

  

Thistle. Spear

Cirsium vulgare

LC

         

y

Pignut

Conopodium majus

LC

        

y

 

Hawksbeard, Marsh

Crepis paludosa

LC

   

y

      

Spotted-Orchid Heath

Dactylorhiza maculata

LC

          

Marsh-Orchid Northern

Dactylorhiza purpurella

LC

y

         

Foxglove

Digitalis purpurea

LC

          

Sundew

Drosera sp

LC

 

y

        

Willowherb Marsh

Epilobium palustre

LC

     

y

y

y

  

Eyebright

Euphrasia sp?

LC

         

y

Meadowsweet

Filipendula ulmaria

LC

     

y

 

y

  

Strawberry. Wild

Fragaria vesca

LC

          

Cleavers

Galium aparine

LC

     

y

    

Bedstraw. Marsh

Galium palustre

LC

  

y

 

y

y

y

   

Bedstraw. Heath

Galium saxatile

LC

  

y

     

y

 

Bedstraw. Lady’s

Galium verum

LC

         

y

Herb-robert

Geranium robertianum

LC

        

y

 

Cranesbill, Wood

Geranium sylvaticum

LC

        

y

 

Water Avens

Geum rivale

LC

y

  

y

y

     

Knapweed/Hardhead

Centaurea nigra

LC

         

y

Orchid, Fragrant

Gymnadenia conopsea

LC

         

y

Bluebell

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

LC

        

y

 

Marsh Pennywort

Hydrocotyle vulgaris

LC

      

y

y

  

St. John’s Wort. Slender

Hypericum pulchrum

LC

        

y

 

St. John’s Wort. Sq-stalk

Hypericum tetrapterum

LC

          

Yellow flag

Iris pseudacorus

LC

       

y

  
 

Habitats

 

Mire

Swamp

Wd

Past

 

Scientific name

RDB

M9

M10

M23

M26

M27

S3

S12

S27

W11

MG5

Red Deadnettle

Lamium purpureum

LC

         

y

Nipplewort

Lapsana communis

LC

        

y

 

Meadow Vetchling

Lathyrus pratensis

LC

         

y

Bird’s foot trefoil

Lotus corniculatus

LC

         

y

Ragged robin

Lychnis flos-cuculi

LC

       

y

 

y

Chickweed Wintergreen

Lysimachia europaea

LC

        

y

 

Creeping Jenny

Lysimachia nemorum

LC

        

y

 

Mint, water

Mentha aquatica

LC

     

y

 

y

  

Mint, Spear

Mentha spicata

LC

          

Bogbean

Menyanthes trifoliata

LC

      

y

y

  

Forget-me-not.Changing

Myosotis discolor

LC

          

Forget-me-not. Water

Myosotis scorpiodes

LC

     

y

 

y

  

Bog Asphodel

Narthecium ossifragum

LC

y

y

y

       

Wood Sorrel

Oxalis acetosella

LC

        

y

 

Grass of Parnassus

Parnassia palustris

LC

 

y

        

Marsh Lousewort

Pedicularis sp

LC

 

y

        

Butterwort

Pinguicula vulgaris

LC

y

y

        

Plantain. Long leaved

Plantago lanceolata

LC

         

y

Plantain. Broad-leaved

Plantago major

LC

         

y

Orchid Greater butterfly

Plantanthera chlorantha

NT

         

y

Milkwort

Polygala sp

LC

          

Pondweed

Potamogeton sp

LC

      

y

y

  

Silverweed

Potentilla anserina

LC

         

y

Tormentil

Potentilla erecta

LC

        

y

 

Marsh Cinquefoil

Potentilla palustris

LC

     

y

y

y

  

Strawberry, barren

Potentilla sterilis

LC

        

y

 

Cowslip

Primula veris

LC

         

y

Primrose

Primula vulgaris

LC

        

y

 

Selfheal

Prunella vulgaris

LC

        

y

y

Buttercup, Meadow

Rannunculus acris

LC

   

y

y

   

y

y

Celandine

Rannunculus ficarea

LC

        

y

 

Spearwort. Lesser

Rannunculus flammula

LC

      

y

y

  

Buttercup, Creeping

Rannunculus repens

LC

       

y

 

y

Sorrel, Common

Rumex acetosa

LC

     

y

   

y

Dock

Rumex obtusifolia

LC

          

Sanicle

Sanicula europaea

LC

        

y

 

Mustard Hedge

Sisymbrium officinale

LC

         

y

Bittersweet

Solanum dulcamara

LC

     

y

 

y

  

Woundwort, Marsh

Stachys palustris

LC

    

y

     

Woundwort, Hedge

Stachys sylvatica

LC

        

y

 

Stitchwort. Lesser

Stellaria graminea

LC

  

y

 

y

     

Devil’s Bit Scabious

Succisa pratense

LC

 

y

 

y

      

Dandelion

Taraxicum officinalis (agg

LC

         

y

Clover. White

Trifolium pratense

LC

         

y

 

Habitats

 

Mire

Swamp

Wd

Past

 

Scientific name

RDB

M9

M10

M23

M26

M27

S3

S12

S27

W11

MG5

Clover. Red

Trifolium repens

LC

         

y

Arrowgrass, Marsh

Triglochin palustris

LC

 

y

        

Globeflower

Trollius europaeus

LC

   

y

y

     

Nettle Stinging

Urtica dioica

LC

     

y

   

y

Valerian

Valeriana officinalis

LC

       

y

  

Germander Speedwell

Veronica chaemedrys

LC

        

y

 

Violet, marsh

Viola paulstris

LC

     

y

    

Violet, Dog

Viola riviniana

LC

        

y

 
             

GRASSES

            

Bent Grass

Agrostis sp.

LC

      

y

y

y

y

Sweet Vernal-grass

Anthoxanthum odoratum

LC

        

y

 

Cocksfoot

Dactlylis glomerata

LC

         

y

Cotton grass

Eriophorum angustifolia

LC

y

      

y

  

Creeping Soft Grass

Holcus mollis

LC

          

Purple Moor Grass

Molinia caerulea

LC

  

y

y

y

y

    

Sheep’s fescue

Festuca ovina

LC

        

y

 

Timothy

Poa pratense

LC

         

y

Tufted Hair Grass

Deschampsia cespitosa

LC

  

y

y

    

y

 

Wavy Hair Grass

Deschampsia flexuosa

LC

        

y

 

Yorkshire Fog

Holcus lanatus

LC

       

y

y

y

Creeping soft-grass

Holcus mollis

LC

        

y

 

Floating Sweet-Grass

Glyceria fluitans

LC

      

y

   
             

SEDGES & RUSHES

            

Bur-Reed Branched

Sparganium erectum

LC

     

y

 

y

  

Rush Black bog

Schoenus nigricans

LC

 

y

        

Rush Bulbous

Juncus bulbosus

LC

 

y

        

Rush, Congested

Juncus conglomeratus

LC

y

 

y

 

y

     

Rush Jointed

Juncus articulatus

LC

          

Rush, Sharp-flowered

Juncus acutifloris

LC

y

 

y

 

y

  

y

  

Rush Soft

Juncus effusus

LC

 

y

   

y

y

y

 

y

Sedge Bottle

Carex rostrata

LC

y

     

y

y

  

Sedge Carnation

Carex panicea

LC

 

y

        

Sedge Common

Carex nigra

LC

 

y

        

Sedge Dioeious

Carex dioica

LC

 

y

        

Sedge Flea

Carex pulicaris

LC

 

y

        

Sedge Glaucous

Carex flacca

LC

          

Sedge Greater Tussock

Carex paniculata

LC

y

    

y

 

y

  

Sedge Star

Carex echinata

LC

          

Sedge Tawny

Carex hostiana

LC

          

Yellow-Sedge, Long-stalked

Carex lepidocarpa

LC

          

Wood-rush, Field

Luzula campestris

LC

        

y

y

Wood-rush, Hairy

Luzula pilosa

LC

        

y

 

Bulrush

Typha latifolia

LC

     

y

y

y

  
 

Habitats

 

Mire

Swamp

Wd

Past

 

Scientific name

RDB

M9

M10

M23

M26

M27

S3

S12

S27

W11

MG5

SHRUBS

            

Blackberry

Rubus fruticosa

LC

     

y

  

y

 

Broom

Cytisus scoparius

LC

          

Cross-leaved Heath

Erica tetralix

LC

          

Dog Rose

Rosa canina

LC

          

Heather. Bell

Erica cinerea

LC

          

Honeysuckle

Lonicera pericylmenum

LC

        

y

 

Ivy

Hedera helix

LC

          

Juniper

Juniperus communis

LC

        

y

 

Raspberry

Ribes ideaus

LC

          

Whin

Ulex europaeus

LC

          

Raspberry

Rubus idaeus

LC

        

y

 
             

TREES

            

Alder

Alnus glutinosa

LC

          

Ash

Fraxinus excelsior

LC

        

y

 

Birch. Downy

Betula pubescens

LC

        

y

 

Birch. Silver

Betula pendula

LC

        

y

 

Bird Cherry

Prunus padus

LC

          

Elder

Sambucus nigra

LC

          

Gean

Prunus avium

LC

          

Hawthorn

Crataegus monogyna

LC

        

y

 

Holly

Ilex aquifolium

LC

        

y

 

Rowan

Sorbus aucuparia

LC

        

y

 

Scots Pine

Pinus sylvestris

LC

          

Willow Eared

Salix aurita

LC

          

Yew

Taxus baccata

LC

          
             

FERNS

            

Bracken

Pteridium aquilinum

LC

        

y

 

Fern, Broad Buckler

Dryopteris dilatata

LC

    

y

y

  

y

 

Fern, Hard

Blechnum spicant

LC

        

y

 

Fern, Oak

Gymnocarpium dryopteris

LC

          

Male-fern, Scaly

Dryopteris affinis

LC

          

Horsetail, Water

Equisetum fluviatile

LC

     

y

y

y

  

Horsetail. Marsh

Equisetum palustre

LC

       

y

  

Horsetail Wood

Equisetum sylvaticum

LC

          

Fern, Lemon-scented

Thelypteris limbosperma

LC

        

y

 
 

159

           

BRYOPHYTES

            
 

Calliergon cuspidata

LC

      

y

y

  
 

Sphagnum sp

LC

          

Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus

LC

        

y

 

Rhytidiadelphus triquetris

LC

        

y

 

Pseudoscleropodium purum

LC

        

y

 

Thuidium tamarascinum

LC

  

y

 
 

Pleurozium schreberi

LC

  

y

 
 

Hylocomium splendens

LC

  

y

 
       
 

Scientific name

RDB

          

LICHENS 2008

Acarospora fuscata

LC

          
 

Amandinea punctata

LC

          
 

Arthonia punctiformis

LC

          
 

Arthonia radiata

LC

          
 

Arthopyrenia analepta

LC

          

Arthopyrenia punctiformis

LC

          
 

Aspicilia caesiocinerea

LC

          
 

Aspicilia grisea

LC

          

Bacidia subcircumspecta

LC

          
 

Baeomyces rufus

LC

          

Bryoria fuscescens var. fuscescens

LC

          
 

Bryoria subcana

LC

          
 

Buellia aethalea

LC

          
 

Buellia disciformis

LC

          
 

Buellia griseovirens

LC

          
 

Buellia schaereri

LC

          
 

Calicium viride

LC

          
 

Caloplaca ceracea

LC

          
 

Caloplaca cerinella

LC

          
 

Caloplaca chlorina

LC

          
 

Caloplaca crenularia

LC

          
 

Caloplaca holocarpa

LC

          

Candelariella aurella f. aurella

LC

          

Candelariella vitellina f. vitellina

LC

          
 

Catillaria atomarioides

LC

          

Chaenotheca furfuracea

LC

          
 

Chaenotheca trichialis

LC

          
 

Chrysothrix candelaris

LC

          

Cladonia chlorophaea s.lat.

LC

          
 

Cladonia coniocraea

LC

          
 

Cladonia fimbriata

LC

          

Cladonia polydactyla var. polydactyla

LC

          
 

Cladonia pyxidata

LC

          
 

Cladonia ramulosa

LC

          

Cladonia squamosa var. squamosa

LC

          
 

Cladonia subulata

LC

          
 

Cliostomum griffithii

LC

          
 

Evernia prunastri

LC

          
 

Fuscidea lightfootii

LC

          
 

Hypogymnia physodes

LC

          
 

Hypogymnia tubulosa

LC

          

Immersaria athroocarpa

LC

          
 

Lecania cyrtella

LC

          

LICHENS 2008

Lecanora albescens

LC

          
 

Lecanora carpinea

LC

          
 

Lecanora chlarotera

LC

          
 

Lecanora confusa

LC

          
 

Lecanora dispersa

LC

          
 

Lecanora expallens

LC

          
 

Lecanora intricata

LC

          
 

Lecanora muralis

LC

          
 

Lecanora persimilis

LC

          
 

Lecanora polytropa

LC

          
 

Lecanora pulicaris

LC

          

Lecanora rupicola var. rupicola

LC

          
 

Lecanora saligna

LC

          
 

Lecanora semipallida

LC

          
 

Lecanora symmicta

LC

          
 

Lecidea fuscoatra

LC

          
 

Lecidea lithophila

LC

          
 

Lecidea turgidula

LC

          
 

Lecidella carpathica

LC

          

Lecidella elaeochroma f. elaeochroma

LC

          
 

Lecidella scabra

LC

          
 

Lecidella stigmatea

LC

          
 

Lepraria incana s. str.

LC

          
 

Lepraria lobificans

LC

          
 

Melanelia exasperata

LC

          
 

Micarea denigrata

LC

          
 

Micarea micrococca

LC

          
 

Micarea sylvicola

LC

          
 

Ochrolechia androgyna

LC

          
 

Ochrolechia parella

LC

          
 

Opegrapha niveoatra

LC

          
 

Opegrapha vulgata

LC

          
 

Parmelia saxatilis

LC

          
 

Parmelia sulcata

LC

          
 

Peltigera hymenina

LC

          
 

Peltigera membranacea

LC

          
 

Pertusaria corallina

LC

          
 

Pertusaria lactescens

LC

          
 

Pertusaria leioplaca

LC

          
 

Pertusaria pupillaris

LC

          

Phaeophyscia orbicularis

LC

          
 

Phlyctis argena

LC

          
 

Physcia adscendens

LC

          
 

Physcia aipolia

LC

          
 

Physcia caesia

LC

          
 

Physcia stellaris

LC

          

Physcia tenella subsp. tenella

LC

          
 

Physconia distorta

LC

          
 

Placynthiella dasaea

LC

          

LICHENS 2008

Placynthiella icmalea

LC

          
 

Platismatia glauca

LC

          
 

Polysporina simplex

LC

          

Porina chlorotica f. chlorotica

LC

          
 

Porpidia cinereoatra

LC

          
 

Porpidia crustulata

LC

          
 

Porpidia tuberculosa

LC

          
 

Protoparmelia oleagina

LC

          

Pseudevernia furfuracea var. ceratea

LC

          
 

Psilolechia lucida

LC

          
 

Pyrrhospora quernea

LC

          
 

Ramalina farinacea

LC

          
 

Ramalina fastigiata

LC

          
 

Ramalina fraxinea

LC

          

Rhizocarpon geographicum

LC

          

Rhizocarpon polycarpum

NT

          
 

Rinodina aspersa

LC

          
 

Rinodina efflorescens

LC

          
 

Rinodina sophodes

LC

          

Scoliciosporum umbrinum

LC

          

Strangospora moriformis

LC

          

Syzygospora physciacearum #

LC

          
 

Trapelia glebulosa

LC

          
 

Trapelia placodioides

LC

          
 

Trapeliopsis flexuosa

LC

          

Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa

LC

          
 

Usnea hirta

LC

          
 

Usnea subfloridana

LC

          

Xanthoparmelia mougeotii

LC

          

Xanthoria candelaria s.str.

LC

          
 

Xanthoria parietina

LC

          
 

Xanthoria polycarpa

LC

          

Laikenbuie Ecology Trust is a Scottish Charitable Incorporated Organisation [SCIO] No. SC051617.  First registered 01.03.2022.